本帖最后由 silverliu 于 2012-7-4 20:39 编辑
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论坛搜索 上升转弯 ， Chandelle，
实战中Chandelle 可以是任意角度， 90 、 180、360 、720、 1080 度， 呵呵，
我们可以说 大蟒蛇， 或 绞肉机， 脚尖上的天使，
可以是恒速上升转弯， 高度增加， 半径不变。
也可以变速上升转弯， 高度增加， 半径减小。
至于 高度增加， 半径增加的实战中就散失了上升转弯 ， Chandelle的意义。
http://www.insky.cn/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=43570&page=
http://www.insky.cn/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=6448
http://www.insky.cn/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=39324
法国飞行员，在第一次世界大战期间用“ EN chandelle” 法语蜡烛，这个词形容它，或这“垂直爬升”（一战飞机发动机功率不足，所以只玩螺旋楼梯式的爬升就称为垂直爬升， 福籁语）
， 这是一个防守中进攻的战术动作， 1V1 你的飞机速度高于对手， 可以很轻松绞杀对手，只要他敢跟。 长僚机中， Chandelle 可以轻松把对手钓起来， 给自己队友制造拦截射击的机会， 当然此情况下转弯半径不能太小，如果队友善于追瞄射击则会给他带来麻烦。
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福籁粗粗翻译， 粗活， 慢慢校对， 慢慢来。
The chandelle is an aircraft control maneuver where the pilot combines a 180° turn with a climb.[1]
It is now required for attaining a commercial flight certificate in many countries. The Federal Aviation Administration in the United States requires such training.
The chandelle (which is the French word for candle) is a precision aircraft control maneuver, and not strictly speaking an aerobatic, dogfighting, or aerial combat maneuver. It is rather a maneuver designed to show the pilot's proficiency in controlling the aircraft while performing a minimum radius climbing turn at a constant rate of turn (expressed usually in degrees per second) through a 180 degree change of heading, arriving at the new reciprocal heading at an airspeed in the "slow-flight" regime, very near the aerodynamic stall. The aircraft can be flown in "slow-flight" after establishing the new heading, or normal cruise flight may be resumed, depending upon the purposes of the exercise or examination. See the diagram below for a visual depiction of how the maneuver must be flown for the purpose of certification.
The pilot enters a chandelle at a pre-determined airspeed in the normal cruising range for the aircraft. To begin the maneuver the pilot first rolls the aircraft in the desired direction with the controls (the ailerons), and quickly but smoothly establishes a medium banked turn. In most small aircraft (cruising speeds of 100 - 175 KIAS) this bank will be about 30 to 40 degrees. This will begin a turn of the aircraft in the direction of bank. Simultaneously full power is applied and a smooth pitch up is started with the controls (the elevators on the empennage). The angle of bank stays constant during the first 90 degrees of the change of heading, while the pitch angle increases steadily. At the 90 degree point in the change of heading, the aircraft has the maximum pitch angle (which should be close to the critical angle of attack at the level stall speed of the aircraft). During the second 90 degrees of the change of heading, the pitch angle is held constant, while the bank angle is smoothly decreased to reach 0 degrees of bank, the end of the turn and return to straight-and-level flight at exactly the reciprocal heading (180 degrees away from the heading at the start of the maneuver), and with the airspeed close to the stall speed. The aircraft should not lose altitude during the last part of the maneuver, nor during the recovery, when engine power may be used to re-establish normal cruising speed on the new heading. The decreasing bank angle together with the decreasing airspeed during the second half of the chandelle will maintain a constant turn rate . The turn needs to be kept coordinated by applying the correct amount of rudder throughout the maneuver.
chandelle是控制飞机机动试点结合爬升180°的大转弯。[ 1 ]
它现在需要的是实现证书在许多国家的商业航班。联邦航空管理局，美国需要这样的培训。
chandelle（这是法语单词的蜡烛）是一种精密控制飞机机动，而不是严格来说，特技飞行，空中格斗，或空战演习。这是相当1 演习，以显示飞行员控制飞机的水平，而执行通过1的标题180度的变化1最小半径爬在1回合恒定速度依次表示每秒度通常，到达了新标题倒数在一个“缓慢飞行”制度非常接近失速的空速。这架飞机可以飞行在“慢速飞行”后建立的新的标题，或正常的巡航飞行可以恢复，取决于练习或考试的目的。看到如下图的可视化描述了如何认证的目的飞行演习必须。
飞行员进入chandelle在预先确定的在飞机正常的巡航范围空速。开始演习的飞行员首次推出飞机所需的方向，与对照组（副翼），很快，但顺利地建立了一个中等坡度转弯。在最小型飞机（巡航速度100 - 175节指示空速）这家银行将是大约30到40度。这将开始在银行的方向转的飞机。同时全功率应用，并顺利音高与控制（尾翼电梯）开始。银行的角度保持恒定在90度的方向变化，而 ​​俯仰角不断增加。飞机在90度的方向变化点，最大俯仰角（这应该是接近水平的飞机失速速度的攻击临界角）。在第二个90度的方向变化，俯仰角保持不变，而银行的角度顺利下降，以达到0度的银行，回合结束，并返回在完全互惠的直线和水平飞行标题（180度远离在演习开始的标题），并与失速速度的空速接近。飞机不应该失去海拔在演习的最后一部分，也没有在恢复过程中，发动机的功率时，可使用新标题重新建立正常的巡航速度。减少银行的角度，在下半年的chandelle减少空速将保持恒定的转弯率。反过来需要整个演习通过舵的正确金额应保持协调。
From a practical point of view the chandelle may be used to turn an aircraft within a minimal turn radius. As such it is a useful maneuver for pilots of small aircraft who find themselves in a blind valley or canyon. It was also therefore a useful maneuver to early fighter pilots in their low powered aircraft to quickly turn toward a pursuing attacker (which would tend to make a tracking guns shot more difficult because of the turn and climb involved) while climbing but not stalling the aircraft, or to position themselves quickly to make an attack on a turning enemy or an enemy flying on another heading. French aviators during World War I described it as monter en chandelle, or "to climb vertically". However, it has since come to have a rather more strict definition for pilot flight testing purposes. In early fighter combat, a pilot would aim to achieve the maximum practical speed at full throttle, then roll the aircraft to the required angle of bank for the change of heading that was required in the combat situation. As the turn began, the nose is increasingly pitched up, as required for the amount or change of heading desired. As described above the turn progresses with the desired pitch angle and requisite rudder to control yaw, airspeed decreases, and then the wings are leveled so as to roll out straight and level on the new desired heading, all the while avoiding an aerodynamic stall. At this point, if the pilot has any more power, it may be added to regain airspeed, or the nose of the aircraft can be allowed to drop somewhat to achieve the same effect (dropping the nose of the aircraft is not permitted for the purposes of the maneuver in commercial flight testing). In aerial combat the chandelle maneuver was used both aggressively to position the aircraft for attack, and defensively to evade an enemy.
动画1 chandelle
从实用的角度来看，chandelle可以用来打开一个最小的转弯半径内的飞机。因此，它是一个有用的机动他们发现自己在一个盲人的山谷或峡谷的小飞机的飞行员。也因此这是一个有用的演习早在他们的低动力的飞机战斗机飞行员迅速打开朝着追求攻击（这往往使拍摄更加困难，因为转跟踪枪支和爬参与），而登山，但不拖延飞机，或给自己定位，迅​​速攻击敌人或敌人在另一个航向飞行的一个转折点。
在法国飞行员第一次世界大战形容它monter EN chandelle，或“垂直爬升”。然而，它已经有较为严格的定义为飞行员飞行测试目的。在早期战斗机的作战中，试点的目的，实现最大的实际速度在全油门，然后滚动飞机所需的银行的角度为标题，在战斗情况下需要改变。回合开始，鼻子被越来越多地投，为需要的金额或项目所需的变化。如上所述回合与发展所需的俯仰角和必要的方向舵控制偏航，空速减小，然后翅膀被夷为平地，铺开水平直线上所需的新的标题，同时避免失速。在这一点上，如果飞行员有更多的权力，它可以添加到恢复空速，或有所下降，达到同样的效果，可以允许飞机机头（下降飞机机头的目的不是为允许在商业飞行试验机动）。在空战中都积极chandelle机动定位为攻击飞机，和防守，以逃避敌人。
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发表于 2012-7-4 16:42:45
